Music Theory Part 1 - Fundamentals

What is music? Based off of of what I know, music is the purposeful use of sound to communicate

In music, there are 12 notes (represented on a piano/keyboard by 7 white keys and 5 black keys) which, upon being played, will each sound out a specific tone. These tones are labeled A-G, as follows (using a piano/keyboard as an example) :

Typically, when describing how